Sacrificial strategy to fabricate durable superhydrophobic wood via hierarchical roughness and elastic crosslinking
Liu Qian, Shao Linan, Wang Baiyu, Yang Yang, Wang Lingling, and Gao Wei
With growing demand for renewable resources, superhydrophobic wood is widely regarded as leading candidate for outdoor construction applications. However, superhydrophobic wood still suffers from insufficient mechanical strength and durability under long-term abrasion and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Herein, a sacrificial synergy strategy combining elastic cross-linked network and hierarchical roughness was proposed to enhance both toughness and durability, and its toughening mechanism is clarified. Specifically, a flexible room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber matrix was cross-linked with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) to construct an elastomeric interphase, while ZnO nanorods arrays were in situ grown to generate micro/nano-scale roughness and simultaneously act as a sacrificial barrier against external abrasion. The modified wood exhibited water contact angle over 154°. Furthermore, the expected excellent robustness toward water impact (continuous 66 h), sand impingement (100 g, 35 cm, 25 cycles), mechanical abrasion (1000 peeling cycles; sandpaper abrasion 400 cm), along with desirable chemical and environmental durability (48 h immersion in acidic and alkaline solution) of the modified wood was achieved as well. Moreover, the modified wood demonstrated multifunctional performance including self-cleaning, anti-fouling, humidity resistance (28 ℃, 85% relative humidity (RH), 15 days and 35 ℃, 90% RH, 6 days), and UV resistance (340 nm, 40 W, 33 days). This integrated approach not only proposed to construct mechanically resilient and environmentally durable superhydrophobic surfaces but also offered an effective design strategy for wood outdoor applications as construction material in long-term.With growing demand for renewable resources, superhydrophobic wood is widely regarded as leading candidate for outdoor construction applications. However, superhydrophobic wood still suffers from insufficient mechanical strength and durability under long-term abrasion and ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Herein, a sacrificial synergy strategy combining elastic cross-linked network and hierarchical roughness was proposed to enhance both toughness and durability, and its toughening mechanism is clarified. Specifically, a flexible room temperature vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber matrix was cross-linked with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) to construct an elastomeric interphase, while ZnO nanorods arrays were in situ grown to generate micro/nano-scale roughness and simultaneously act as a sacrificial barrier against external abrasion. The modified wood exhibited water contact angle over 154°. Furthermore, the expected excellent robustness toward water impact (continuous 66 h), sand impingement (100 g, 35 cm, 25 cycles), mechanical abrasion (1000 peeling cycles; sandpaper abrasion 400 cm), along with desirable chemical and environmental durability (48 h immersion in acidic and alkaline solution) of the modified wood was achieved as well. Moreover, the modified wood demonstrated multifunctional performance including self-cleaning, anti-fouling, humidity resistance (28 ℃, 85% relative humidity (RH), 15 days and 35 ℃, 90% RH, 6 days), and UV resistance (340 nm, 40 W, 33 days). This integrated approach not only proposed to construct mechanically resilient and environmentally durable superhydrophobic surfaces but also offered an effective design strategy for wood outdoor applications as construction material in long-term.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100228 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.004
High-barrier cellulose-based packaging material for enhanced food preservation with visual freshness monitoring
Yao Ruotong, Wang Chao, Xu Yunli, and Wu Min
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of cellulose or nanocellulose (CNF) materials in food packaging industry due to their green and processable nature, while the inherent hydrophilicity of cellulose presents significant challenges in meeting the high barrier requirements essential for food packaging applications. In this study, a dual strategy of internal cross-linking and external functional coating was employed to fabricate high-barrier nanocellulose-based packaging. Dialdehyde CNF (DCNF) was incorporated into pristine CNF to form a dense cross-linking network containing hemiacetal linkages and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, an ethyl cellulose (EC)/curcumin (Cur) coating was applied to further improve hydrophobicity while leveraging curcumin’s pH-responsive properties for visual monitoring. The influence of DCNF oxidation time and CNF incorporation ratio on film crystallinity and water resistance was systematically studied. The synergistic interaction of DCNF/CNF crosslinking and surface coatings endows the composite membrane (DCNF1-75/CNF/ECCur) with exceptional barrier properties, achieving a 44% reduction in water vapor transmission rate and 99% suppression of oxygen transmission rate. Moreover, the film demonstrated multifunctional properties: over 99.9% antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 91% antioxidant activity, effective food preservation capability along with visual monitoring functionality. This work provides a novel approach for designing multifunctional nanocellulose-based intelligent packaging materials.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of cellulose or nanocellulose (CNF) materials in food packaging industry due to their green and processable nature, while the inherent hydrophilicity of cellulose presents significant challenges in meeting the high barrier requirements essential for food packaging applications. In this study, a dual strategy of internal cross-linking and external functional coating was employed to fabricate high-barrier nanocellulose-based packaging. Dialdehyde CNF (DCNF) was incorporated into pristine CNF to form a dense cross-linking network containing hemiacetal linkages and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, an ethyl cellulose (EC)/curcumin (Cur) coating was applied to further improve hydrophobicity while leveraging curcumin’s pH-responsive properties for visual monitoring. The influence of DCNF oxidation time and CNF incorporation ratio on film crystallinity and water resistance was systematically studied. The synergistic interaction of DCNF/CNF crosslinking and surface coatings endows the composite membrane (DCNF1-75/CNF/ECCur) with exceptional barrier properties, achieving a 44% reduction in water vapor transmission rate and 99% suppression of oxygen transmission rate. Moreover, the film demonstrated multifunctional properties: over 99.9% antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, 91% antioxidant activity, effective food preservation capability along with visual monitoring functionality. This work provides a novel approach for designing multifunctional nanocellulose-based intelligent packaging materials.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100227 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.003
Benzoylation strategy for enhancing the light stability of kenaf fibers through lignin removal and radical scavenging
Kim Jungkyu, Jung Seungoh, Cho Young-Min, Choi In-Gyu, Ko Seunghwan, Jeon Sungwan, and Kwak Hyo Won
Enhancing photostability of lignocellulosic fibers is essential for their long-term use in light exposure applications. In this study, benzoylation was applied to kenaf fibers to suppress ultraviolet (UV)-induced yellowing and improve their light fastness. Structural analyses confirmed that esterification of hydroxyl groups and partial removal of lignin were successfully achieved during the benzoylation reaction. After 500 h of UV irradiation, benzoylated kenaf (BKF) showed a distinct whitening phenomenon, in contrast to the gradual yellowing of unmodified kenaf. This whitening effect was attributed to the initial photostabilization, and the discoloration was characterized by a plateau after the initial 48 h. The results confirmed that BKF effectively inhibited the formation of light-induced free radicals and mitigated subsequent surface oxidation. In the component-specific study, lignin was identified as the primary contributor to yellowing. In addition, the photobleaching behavior of benzoylated hemicellulose closely mirrored that of BKF, suggesting its pivotal role in the whitening effect observed in BKF. These results demonstrated that the photostability of natural fibers can be effectively improved through benzoylation by removing chromophore-forming lignin and introducing aromatic ester groups that mitigate radical propagation and oxidative degradation.Enhancing photostability of lignocellulosic fibers is essential for their long-term use in light exposure applications. In this study, benzoylation was applied to kenaf fibers to suppress ultraviolet (UV)-induced yellowing and improve their light fastness. Structural analyses confirmed that esterification of hydroxyl groups and partial removal of lignin were successfully achieved during the benzoylation reaction. After 500 h of UV irradiation, benzoylated kenaf (BKF) showed a distinct whitening phenomenon, in contrast to the gradual yellowing of unmodified kenaf. This whitening effect was attributed to the initial photostabilization, and the discoloration was characterized by a plateau after the initial 48 h. The results confirmed that BKF effectively inhibited the formation of light-induced free radicals and mitigated subsequent surface oxidation. In the component-specific study, lignin was identified as the primary contributor to yellowing. In addition, the photobleaching behavior of benzoylated hemicellulose closely mirrored that of BKF, suggesting its pivotal role in the whitening effect observed in BKF. These results demonstrated that the photostability of natural fibers can be effectively improved through benzoylation by removing chromophore-forming lignin and introducing aromatic ester groups that mitigate radical propagation and oxidative degradation.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100226 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.002
Sustainable transparent bamboo/W-VO2 composites for solar modulation and energy-efficient buildings
Li Zhihan, Zhang Zhen, Huang Haibo, Liu Yuxiang, Wu Ying, Pan Ziyi, Qing Yan, Tian Lin, Li Zengyao, Zhao Xinpeng, and Wu Yiqiang
Energy-efficient buildings require sustainable materials that combine structural performance with advanced optical and thermal functionalities to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we reported a new strategy to develop biodegradable transparent bamboo with a dense and ordered structure, achieved through selective delignification followed by directional pressing to align cellulose nanofibrils. This process yielded large-scale transparent bamboo with remarkable mechanical strength, 78% optical transparency in the visible spectrum, and a high haze (>90%) that ensured uniform daylight distribution and reduced reliance on artificial lighting. To further impart dynamic solar modulation, a thin polylactic acid film containing tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO2) nanoparticles was integrated onto the transparent bamboo substrate. The resulting thermochromic bamboo exhibited a solar modulation ability of 9.7% along with effective thermal regulation that lowered indoor heating loads in hot regions. By synergizing biodegradability, mechanical robustness, and active photothermal control, this transparent bamboo/W-VO2 composite offered a sustainable and high-performance alternative to conventional glass, holding great promise for energy-efficient building applications.Energy-efficient buildings require sustainable materials that combine structural performance with advanced optical and thermal functionalities to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we reported a new strategy to develop biodegradable transparent bamboo with a dense and ordered structure, achieved through selective delignification followed by directional pressing to align cellulose nanofibrils. This process yielded large-scale transparent bamboo with remarkable mechanical strength, 78% optical transparency in the visible spectrum, and a high haze (>90%) that ensured uniform daylight distribution and reduced reliance on artificial lighting. To further impart dynamic solar modulation, a thin polylactic acid film containing tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide (W-VO2) nanoparticles was integrated onto the transparent bamboo substrate. The resulting thermochromic bamboo exhibited a solar modulation ability of 9.7% along with effective thermal regulation that lowered indoor heating loads in hot regions. By synergizing biodegradability, mechanical robustness, and active photothermal control, this transparent bamboo/W-VO2 composite offered a sustainable and high-performance alternative to conventional glass, holding great promise for energy-efficient building applications.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100225 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.11.001
Skin repairing procedure inspired polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose/platelet rich plasma composite hydrogel as diabetes wound dressing
Wang Hao, He Pengyu, Tang Guoliang, Qi Fuyu, Lu Xu, Zhang Maoxu, Zheng Ruizhu, Li Xiaohong, Shi Zhijun, Zhang Yaopeng, and Yang Guang
Diabetic ulcers represent a kind of severe chronic wound that presents significant challenges to global healthcare systems. The impaired healing process in diabetic wounds is attributed to persistent inflammation, compromised angiogenesis, and bacterial infections. When dermic injury occurs, the skin will initiate a complex cascade of natural repair procedures to facilitate coordinated progression through inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases. Inspired by these physiological repair processes, a multifunctional hydrogel dressing was designed by combining capacitive polypyrrole (PPy) with bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to achieve synergistic antibacterial efficacy, immunomodulation of the wound microenvironment, and enhanced tissue regeneration. The BC hydrogel serves as a scaffold for PRP encapsulation, protecting growth factors from protease degradation while enabling sustained release. Capacitive PPy not only provides potent antibacterial activity through electric field (EF) mediated charge storage, but also promotes electrical signal transduction to regulate growth factor release kinetics. In vitro results revealed that pre-charged polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose/platelet-rich plasma (PBP) composite hydrogels exhibited superior bactericidal efficacy, enhanced fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, and modulation of macrophage polarization. In diabetic wound models, treatment with the electroactivated PBP composite hydrogel demonstrated a marked reduction in inflammatory responses, accelerated vascular regeneration, enhanced collagen deposition, and overall improvement in wound healing.Diabetic ulcers represent a kind of severe chronic wound that presents significant challenges to global healthcare systems. The impaired healing process in diabetic wounds is attributed to persistent inflammation, compromised angiogenesis, and bacterial infections. When dermic injury occurs, the skin will initiate a complex cascade of natural repair procedures to facilitate coordinated progression through inflammatory, proliferative, and remodelling phases. Inspired by these physiological repair processes, a multifunctional hydrogel dressing was designed by combining capacitive polypyrrole (PPy) with bacterial cellulose (BC) hydrogel and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to achieve synergistic antibacterial efficacy, immunomodulation of the wound microenvironment, and enhanced tissue regeneration. The BC hydrogel serves as a scaffold for PRP encapsulation, protecting growth factors from protease degradation while enabling sustained release. Capacitive PPy not only provides potent antibacterial activity through electric field (EF) mediated charge storage, but also promotes electrical signal transduction to regulate growth factor release kinetics. In vitro results revealed that pre-charged polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose/platelet-rich plasma (PBP) composite hydrogels exhibited superior bactericidal efficacy, enhanced fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, and modulation of macrophage polarization. In diabetic wound models, treatment with the electroactivated PBP composite hydrogel demonstrated a marked reduction in inflammatory responses, accelerated vascular regeneration, enhanced collagen deposition, and overall improvement in wound healing.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100224 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.004
High-flux rattan biochar microreactor for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation via component-regulated structure engineering
Tan Yujing, Li Yuyuan, Chen Kaiwen, Zhan Tianyi, Peng Hui, Sun Fengze, Cai Liping, Shi Lei, and Lyu Jianxiong
Agroforestry waste-derived biochar has attracted wide interest in environmental remediation owing to its resource abundance and structural advantages. However, pristine biochar powders usually exhibit low catalytic activity and encounter challenges in separation and recovery, which limit their large-scale application. Here, we developed a rattan-derived biochar microreactor with a robust monolithic structure and abundant active sites using a facile component-regulation strategy. By tuning the inherent cellulose and lignin composition, we tailored hierarchically porous channels with high surface area, abundant defect-related catalytic sites, and desirable electrical conductivity. Taking peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation as a model process, the continuous-flow biochar microreactor achieved efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB), with an ultrahigh flux of 2.3 × 104 L/(m2·h) driven by gravity. Coupling with deep mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the favorable carbon configurations (e.g., graphitic structures and boundary-like defects) triggered a desirable non-radical dominated pathway in PMS activation, contributing to the impressive catalytic performance. This work not only expands horizons for high value-added utilization of biomass waste but also provides a practical paradigm for designing high-performance biochar microreactors for environmental remediation.Agroforestry waste-derived biochar has attracted wide interest in environmental remediation owing to its resource abundance and structural advantages. However, pristine biochar powders usually exhibit low catalytic activity and encounter challenges in separation and recovery, which limit their large-scale application. Here, we developed a rattan-derived biochar microreactor with a robust monolithic structure and abundant active sites using a facile component-regulation strategy. By tuning the inherent cellulose and lignin composition, we tailored hierarchically porous channels with high surface area, abundant defect-related catalytic sites, and desirable electrical conductivity. Taking peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation as a model process, the continuous-flow biochar microreactor achieved efficient degradation of tetracycline (TC), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB), with an ultrahigh flux of 2.3 × 104 L/(m2·h) driven by gravity. Coupling with deep mechanism investigation and density functional theory (DFT) simulation, the favorable carbon configurations (e.g., graphitic structures and boundary-like defects) triggered a desirable non-radical dominated pathway in PMS activation, contributing to the impressive catalytic performance. This work not only expands horizons for high value-added utilization of biomass waste but also provides a practical paradigm for designing high-performance biochar microreactors for environmental remediation.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100223 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.003
Successful conversion of corn stover into microbial lipids at high solids loading by Rhodosporidium toruloides at pilot scale
Huang Qitian, Kamal Rasool, Lu Hongbin, Zhang Junlu, Song Jingyi, Lyu Liting, Xue Haizhao, Song Hao, and Zhao Zongbao K.
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) offers potential feedstocks for biofuels. As it generally involves processes including pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation, LCB-based biorefinery at higher solids loading may improve substrate concentration and reduce operational costs, yet its scaling-up remains a challenge. Here, efficient conversion of corn stover (CS) at high solids loading into microbial lipids was demonstrated in a 1 000 L pilot-scale bioreactor using Rhodosporidium toruloides CGMCC 2.1389. The process employed lab-optimized conditions, including alkaline storage pretreatment of CS (AS-CS) with 6% NaOH for over 60 d at room temperature. The AS-CS (100 kg) was steamed in the 1 000 L bioreactor at 121 ℃ for 1 h at a solids loading of 20%, followed by subsequent removal of alkaline black liquor (ABL) using squeeze technology. The leftover residues were hydrolyzed by enzymes with a total reducing sugar (TRS) recovery of 93.6%. The lipid production in the 1 000 L bioreactor resulted in a lipid titer of 10.6 g/L and a yield of 0.194 g/g (based on consumed TRS). The mass flow analysis suggested that 89.6% of cellulose and 95.5% of hemicelluloses were released to produce lipids with little lignin by-products, avoiding their toxic effects on lipid production. The developed process in this work offers a promising avenue for industrial conversion of LCB into microbial lipids.Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) offers potential feedstocks for biofuels. As it generally involves processes including pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation, LCB-based biorefinery at higher solids loading may improve substrate concentration and reduce operational costs, yet its scaling-up remains a challenge. Here, efficient conversion of corn stover (CS) at high solids loading into microbial lipids was demonstrated in a 1 000 L pilot-scale bioreactor using Rhodosporidium toruloides CGMCC 2.1389. The process employed lab-optimized conditions, including alkaline storage pretreatment of CS (AS-CS) with 6% NaOH for over 60 d at room temperature. The AS-CS (100 kg) was steamed in the 1 000 L bioreactor at 121 ℃ for 1 h at a solids loading of 20%, followed by subsequent removal of alkaline black liquor (ABL) using squeeze technology. The leftover residues were hydrolyzed by enzymes with a total reducing sugar (TRS) recovery of 93.6%. The lipid production in the 1 000 L bioreactor resulted in a lipid titer of 10.6 g/L and a yield of 0.194 g/g (based on consumed TRS). The mass flow analysis suggested that 89.6% of cellulose and 95.5% of hemicelluloses were released to produce lipids with little lignin by-products, avoiding their toxic effects on lipid production. The developed process in this work offers a promising avenue for industrial conversion of LCB into microbial lipids.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100222 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.10.002
Surface amination modification of cellulose hydrogels for enhancing triboelectric performance of extreme environment-resistant triboelectric sensors
Liu Afei, Zheng Siyu, Wu Wenhui, Liu Jiaqing, Zhang Hui, Chen Lihui, Zhou Xiaxing, and Liu Kai
Multifunctional wearable flexible electronic devices based on hydrogels have received extensive research in recent years. Despite their promising applications, a significant challenge persists in terms of efficiently powering these devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) assembled by surface-modified hydrogels may be one of the promising strategies to address this challenge. This study presents the development of a multifunctional composite hydrogel, which is synthesized through the amino surface modification of glycerin-cellulose hydrogel (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-glycerin-cellulose, A-GC). The resulting composite hydrogel is utilized in the fabrication of electrodes of TENGs, which can effectively harvest mechanical energy to power flexible sensors. By using cellulose and glycerin as primary raw materials and 3-aminotriethoxysilane as surface modification components, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, coupled with good electrical conductivity (2.83 S/m). More importantly, it exhibits a high triboelectric output performance of 205.3 V, maintains stable long-term triboelectric output, and achieves a maximum triboelectric power density of 732.1 mW/m2. Furthermore, the introduction of glycerin into the cellulose hydrogel enhances its mechanical properties and triboelectric output performance even under extreme environmental conditions (–24 and 60 ℃). The A-GC-TENG demonstrates significant potential in various applications, including mechanical energy harvesting and conversion, writing recognition, wireless signal transmission, and human-computer interaction, showing great application prospects in flexible wearable sensors and self-powered electronic devices. The development of the composite cellulose hydrogel offers a novel approach for the fabrication of high-performance flexible wearable electronic devices, which is capable of functioning effectively in harsh environments.Multifunctional wearable flexible electronic devices based on hydrogels have received extensive research in recent years. Despite their promising applications, a significant challenge persists in terms of efficiently powering these devices. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) assembled by surface-modified hydrogels may be one of the promising strategies to address this challenge. This study presents the development of a multifunctional composite hydrogel, which is synthesized through the amino surface modification of glycerin-cellulose hydrogel (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-glycerin-cellulose, A-GC). The resulting composite hydrogel is utilized in the fabrication of electrodes of TENGs, which can effectively harvest mechanical energy to power flexible sensors. By using cellulose and glycerin as primary raw materials and 3-aminotriethoxysilane as surface modification components, the composite hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties, coupled with good electrical conductivity (2.83 S/m). More importantly, it exhibits a high triboelectric output performance of 205.3 V, maintains stable long-term triboelectric output, and achieves a maximum triboelectric power density of 732.1 mW/m2. Furthermore, the introduction of glycerin into the cellulose hydrogel enhances its mechanical properties and triboelectric output performance even under extreme environmental conditions (–24 and 60 ℃). The A-GC-TENG demonstrates significant potential in various applications, including mechanical energy harvesting and conversion, writing recognition, wireless signal transmission, and human-computer interaction, showing great application prospects in flexible wearable sensors and self-powered electronic devices. The development of the composite cellulose hydrogel offers a novel approach for the fabrication of high-performance flexible wearable electronic devices, which is capable of functioning effectively in harsh environments.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100214 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.08.003
Bioresources and bioproducts with carbon capture and storage: a firm energy option for carbon neutrality
Zhai Haibo
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the most promising option among various carbon dioxide removal technologies needed to cope with hard-to-abate emissions and limit global warming to below 1.5 or 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels. BECCS offers an energy pathway toward carbon neutrality. This study highlights several key roles of BECCS in a net-zero energy future and outlines an array of recommendations for sustainable BECCS deployment.Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is the most promising option among various carbon dioxide removal technologies needed to cope with hard-to-abate emissions and limit global warming to below 1.5 or 2 ℃ above pre-industrial levels. BECCS offers an energy pathway toward carbon neutrality. This study highlights several key roles of BECCS in a net-zero energy future and outlines an array of recommendations for sustainable BECCS deployment.
- May 20, 2026
- Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts
- Vol. 11, Issue 1, 100209 (2026)
- DOI：10.1016/j.jobab.2025.07.003
Diversity analysis of endophytic fungi in Taibaimi （Notholirion bulbuliferum） based on high-throughput sequencing
Tong LI, Tian CHU, Chenli JIAO, Juanjuan YANG, Mengmeng ZHANG, Yang BAI, Peifeng WEI, and Liangliang CHEN
Taibaimi is a valuable medicinal herb in Shaanxi Province， known for its unique efficacy and high economic value. Over-excavation for a long time has led to serious damage to wild Taibaimi resources， and the yield has been decreasing year by year. Studies have shown that endophytic fungi have potential value in solving the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources. However， the research on the diversity of endophytic fungi in Taibaimi has not been reported. Endophytic fungi from different tissues of Taibaimi plants collected in the Taibai Mountain region of Shaanxi Province were identified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 1 275 OTU sequences were obtained， with the highest number detected in the small bulbs （450）， which are considered the medicinal part of the plant， followed by roots （315）， leaves （260）， and stems exhibiting the lowest count （250）. Notable variations were observed in the community structure and abundance of endophytic fungi across different tissues. Beauveria was identified as the dominant genus in both leaf and stem tissues， whereas Aphanocladium dominated in roots， and Aspergillus was the predominant genus in small bulb tissues. LEfSe analysis further revealed the presence of multiple distinct indicator species across all four tissue types， including roots， stems， leaves， and small bulbs. In summary， significant variations exist in the population structure of endophytic fungi in different tissues of the endangered plant Taibaimi， indicating a rich diversity of fungal resources with considerable potential for further development and application.Taibaimi is a valuable medicinal herb in Shaanxi Province， known for its unique efficacy and high economic value. Over-excavation for a long time has led to serious damage to wild Taibaimi resources， and the yield has been decreasing year by year. Studies have shown that endophytic fungi have potential value in solving the sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources. However， the research on the diversity of endophytic fungi in Taibaimi has not been reported. Endophytic fungi from different tissues of Taibaimi plants collected in the Taibai Mountain region of Shaanxi Province were identified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. A total of 1 275 OTU sequences were obtained， with the highest number detected in the small bulbs （450）， which are considered the medicinal part of the plant， followed by roots （315）， leaves （260）， and stems exhibiting the lowest count （250）. Notable variations were observed in the community structure and abundance of endophytic fungi across different tissues. Beauveria was identified as the dominant genus in both leaf and stem tissues， whereas Aphanocladium dominated in roots， and Aspergillus was the predominant genus in small bulb tissues. LEfSe analysis further revealed the presence of multiple distinct indicator species across all four tissue types， including roots， stems， leaves， and small bulbs. In summary， significant variations exist in the population structure of endophytic fungi in different tissues of the endangered plant Taibaimi， indicating a rich diversity of fungal resources with considerable potential for further development and application.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 82 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250901001
Effect of plant waste-derived organic fertilizer on soil quality and vegetation restoration in rocky desertification sloping lands
Jiang ZHAO, Jiyi GONG, Yuke LI, Ming TANG, Ximin ZHANG, Zhirui WEN, and Yin YI
To investigate the effects of plant waste-derived organic fertilizer on soil quality and vegetation restoration during the ecological rehabilitation of karst rocky desertification slopes， and to determine the proportion of organic fertilizer added and the application effect under different slope gradients， a study was conducted involving both pot and field experiments on rocky desertification slopes in Qianxi， Guizhou Province. Each experiment comprised 5 test groupes. The pot experiment included a control （CK） group and groupes with organic fertilizer addition ratios of 10% （T1）， 20% （T2）， 35% （T3）， and 55% （T4）. The effects of pot treatments on soil properties and the growth of alfalfa （Medicago sativa） and ryegrass （Lolium perenne） were studied. Based on the pot experiment results， the optimal organic fertilizer addition ratio of 35% was selected for the field experiment. The field experiment involved 5 slope gradient groupes：1°-5°（T-5）， 6°-10° （T-10）， 11°-15° （T-15）， 16°-20° （T-20）， and 21°-30° （T-30）. This experiment aimed to study the differential effects of organic fertilizer （at 35%） on soil properties and spontaneous vegetation regeneration across these slope gradients. The results indicated that in the pot experiment， all organic fertilizer treatments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties， the growth of alfalfa and ryegrass， and plant regeneration compared to the CK group （P< 0.05）. However， for most indicators， no significant further increase was observed when the addition ratio exceeded 35% （T3）， suggesting that 35% is the optimal addition ratio. In the field experiment， the addition of organic fertilizer （35%） significantly enhanced soil quality and promoted vegetation restoration across all slope gradients. However， for the two treatment groupes on slopes steeper than 15° （T-20 and T-30）， the differences in improvement were not significant （P>0.05）， and the magnitude of change in all measured indicators was significantly lower than that in the other three treatment groupes （T-5， T-10， T-15）. This indicates that the effectiveness of organic fertilizer is greater on rocky desertification slopes with gradients below 15°.In conclusion， plant waste-derived organic fertilizer， as a fertilizer source for soil ecological restoration on karst rocky desertification slopes， significantly improves soil physical structure and nutrient content， while promoting the spontaneous regeneration of vegetation. However， its effectiveness is constrained by nutrient addition ratios and slope conditions.To investigate the effects of plant waste-derived organic fertilizer on soil quality and vegetation restoration during the ecological rehabilitation of karst rocky desertification slopes， and to determine the proportion of organic fertilizer added and the application effect under different slope gradients， a study was conducted involving both pot and field experiments on rocky desertification slopes in Qianxi， Guizhou Province. Each experiment comprised 5 test groupes. The pot experiment included a control （CK） group and groupes with organic fertilizer addition ratios of 10% （T1）， 20% （T2）， 35% （T3）， and 55% （T4）. The effects of pot treatments on soil properties and the growth of alfalfa （Medicago sativa） and ryegrass （Lolium perenne） were studied. Based on the pot experiment results， the optimal organic fertilizer addition ratio of 35% was selected for the field experiment. The field experiment involved 5 slope gradient groupes：1°-5°（T-5）， 6°-10° （T-10）， 11°-15° （T-15）， 16°-20° （T-20）， and 21°-30° （T-30）. This experiment aimed to study the differential effects of organic fertilizer （at 35%） on soil properties and spontaneous vegetation regeneration across these slope gradients. The results indicated that in the pot experiment， all organic fertilizer treatments significantly improved soil physicochemical properties， the growth of alfalfa and ryegrass， and plant regeneration compared to the CK group （P< 0.05）. However， for most indicators， no significant further increase was observed when the addition ratio exceeded 35% （T3）， suggesting that 35% is the optimal addition ratio. In the field experiment， the addition of organic fertilizer （35%） significantly enhanced soil quality and promoted vegetation restoration across all slope gradients. However， for the two treatment groupes on slopes steeper than 15° （T-20 and T-30）， the differences in improvement were not significant （P>0.05）， and the magnitude of change in all measured indicators was significantly lower than that in the other three treatment groupes （T-5， T-10， T-15）. This indicates that the effectiveness of organic fertilizer is greater on rocky desertification slopes with gradients below 15°.In conclusion， plant waste-derived organic fertilizer， as a fertilizer source for soil ecological restoration on karst rocky desertification slopes， significantly improves soil physical structure and nutrient content， while promoting the spontaneous regeneration of vegetation. However， its effectiveness is constrained by nutrient addition ratios and slope conditions.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 59 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20251124001
Analysis of crop planting and energy conversion potential in Nanxiong City， Guangdong Province
Yi LIU, Yange YU, Junting WANG, Chengdong ZHOU, Wenqi ZHAO, and Chensi MIN
Under the strategic guidance of China’s “dual carbon” goals， the efficient development and energy-oriented utilization of agricultural biomass resources have become a crucial pathway for promoting green and low-carbon transformation in agriculture. However， the practical application of bioenergy remains insufficient in developed areas with high energy demand， and research on the energe conversion patterns of biomass with high moisture content in the south is relatively scarce. Based on this， this study focuses on Guangdong Province， a major energy consumer within the Greater Bay Area， and on Nanxiong City， an agriculturally developed area within the province， aiming to explore the energy conversion potential and underlying patterns of agricultural biomass resources in southern China. Utilizing data from Nanxiong City’s National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletins and field surveys， this study systematically analyzes the cultivation status and spatial distribution characteristics of major crops in Nanxiong and assesses the conversion potential of its biomass resources. The findings reveal that Nanxiong’s grain crop output exhibited an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2022. In 2023， the theoretical annual yield of major crop straws reached 2.69×105 t， dominated by rice straw which constituted 60.22% of the total in the city. Wujing Town emerged as the township with the richest straw resources， contributing 8.61% of the city's total grain crop （rice） output and 10.31% of its economic crop output. When using rice straw from Nanxiong City as feedstock for biomass gasification， the gas production can reach （3.89-4.76）×107 m3/a. Disregarding variations in straw types， the total gas production potential from utilizable straw resources in Nanxiong can reach （4.11-5.09）×107 m3/a， demonstrating substantial production capacity with an associated carbon reduction potential of （7.81-9.67）×104 t CO2. Accordingly， recommendations for establishing biomass gasification plants are proposed to enhance resource utilization efficiency. This study can not only provide scientific basis for local decision-making regarding biomass resource development， but also offer replicable and practical approaches for exploring the large-scale， high-efficiency utilization of crop straw in southern China.Under the strategic guidance of China’s “dual carbon” goals， the efficient development and energy-oriented utilization of agricultural biomass resources have become a crucial pathway for promoting green and low-carbon transformation in agriculture. However， the practical application of bioenergy remains insufficient in developed areas with high energy demand， and research on the energe conversion patterns of biomass with high moisture content in the south is relatively scarce. Based on this， this study focuses on Guangdong Province， a major energy consumer within the Greater Bay Area， and on Nanxiong City， an agriculturally developed area within the province， aiming to explore the energy conversion potential and underlying patterns of agricultural biomass resources in southern China. Utilizing data from Nanxiong City’s National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletins and field surveys， this study systematically analyzes the cultivation status and spatial distribution characteristics of major crops in Nanxiong and assesses the conversion potential of its biomass resources. The findings reveal that Nanxiong’s grain crop output exhibited an overall upward trend from 2018 to 2022. In 2023， the theoretical annual yield of major crop straws reached 2.69×105 t， dominated by rice straw which constituted 60.22% of the total in the city. Wujing Town emerged as the township with the richest straw resources， contributing 8.61% of the city's total grain crop （rice） output and 10.31% of its economic crop output. When using rice straw from Nanxiong City as feedstock for biomass gasification， the gas production can reach （3.89-4.76）×107 m3/a. Disregarding variations in straw types， the total gas production potential from utilizable straw resources in Nanxiong can reach （4.11-5.09）×107 m3/a， demonstrating substantial production capacity with an associated carbon reduction potential of （7.81-9.67）×104 t CO2. Accordingly， recommendations for establishing biomass gasification plants are proposed to enhance resource utilization efficiency. This study can not only provide scientific basis for local decision-making regarding biomass resource development， but also offer replicable and practical approaches for exploring the large-scale， high-efficiency utilization of crop straw in southern China.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 49 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250716001
Analysis of the green control effect and regulatory mechanism of ginger extract on root rot pathogens of Polygonatum
Rong LIU, Jiahui LI, Jiali LI, Junxi WANG, Ping AO, Huan LIU, Ya DAI, and Wang WU
To explore the green prevention and control scheme of Polygonatum root rot and the resistance mechanism of natural plant substances to plant response to pathogen infection， different concentrations of ginger extract were used to treat three main pathogens of Polygonatum root rot， namely Fusarium oxysporum， Fusarium redolens and Aspergillus awamori. At the same time， the physical and chemical indexes and transcriptome data of Polygonatumkingianum under different treatment conditions were determined， and the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were verified by qRT-PCR， and the inhibitory effect and regulatory mechanism of ginger extract on Polygonatum root rot were analyzed. The results showed that 2.5% and 5.0% old ginger extract exhibited good antifungal effects against both F. oxysporum and A. awamori， with the 5.0% extract achieving an inhibition rate of 42.3% against A. awamori. Pot experiment results showed that 7 days after inoculation， the survival rate of P. kingianum in the old ginger extract treatment group increased by 50%. Compared with the control group， the SOD activity in the rhizomes of P. kingianum in this treatment group increased and peaked at 3 days. The MDA content was significantly lower than that in the control group and the single inoculation group， and the POD activity showed a reverse trend of decreasing first， then increasing and then decreasing. The total phenol yield of P. kingianum rhizomes showed an upward trend after treatment with old ginger extract， reaching the peak on the 4th day and being significantly higher than that in the control group and the single inoculation group. Transcriptome sequencing combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis （weighted gene co-expression network analysis） indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in the phenylpropane synthesis， flavonoid synthesis and TCA cycle pathways， and 6 key candidate genes were screened out from these pathways. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that F5H， POD， PAL， CAD and ISD genes were highly expressed in the IA， while the gene expression pattern of DRA was opposite. In summary， ginger extracts at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0% both have favorable antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and A. awamori， respectively. Ginger extract exerts a certain protective effect on P. kingianum in response to root rot pathogen infection. Treatment with this extract can induce the upregulated expression of genes CAD， PAL， POD， and ISD in P. kingianum， thereby significantly enhancing its disease resistance and stress tolerance.To explore the green prevention and control scheme of Polygonatum root rot and the resistance mechanism of natural plant substances to plant response to pathogen infection， different concentrations of ginger extract were used to treat three main pathogens of Polygonatum root rot， namely Fusarium oxysporum， Fusarium redolens and Aspergillus awamori. At the same time， the physical and chemical indexes and transcriptome data of Polygonatumkingianum under different treatment conditions were determined， and the differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were verified by qRT-PCR， and the inhibitory effect and regulatory mechanism of ginger extract on Polygonatum root rot were analyzed. The results showed that 2.5% and 5.0% old ginger extract exhibited good antifungal effects against both F. oxysporum and A. awamori， with the 5.0% extract achieving an inhibition rate of 42.3% against A. awamori. Pot experiment results showed that 7 days after inoculation， the survival rate of P. kingianum in the old ginger extract treatment group increased by 50%. Compared with the control group， the SOD activity in the rhizomes of P. kingianum in this treatment group increased and peaked at 3 days. The MDA content was significantly lower than that in the control group and the single inoculation group， and the POD activity showed a reverse trend of decreasing first， then increasing and then decreasing. The total phenol yield of P. kingianum rhizomes showed an upward trend after treatment with old ginger extract， reaching the peak on the 4th day and being significantly higher than that in the control group and the single inoculation group. Transcriptome sequencing combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis （weighted gene co-expression network analysis） indicated that DEGs were significantly enriched in the phenylpropane synthesis， flavonoid synthesis and TCA cycle pathways， and 6 key candidate genes were screened out from these pathways. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that F5H， POD， PAL， CAD and ISD genes were highly expressed in the IA， while the gene expression pattern of DRA was opposite. In summary， ginger extracts at concentrations of 2.5% and 5.0% both have favorable antifungal activity against F. oxysporum and A. awamori， respectively. Ginger extract exerts a certain protective effect on P. kingianum in response to root rot pathogen infection. Treatment with this extract can induce the upregulated expression of genes CAD， PAL， POD， and ISD in P. kingianum， thereby significantly enhancing its disease resistance and stress tolerance.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 37 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20251111001
Venom trait differences between commonly reared wasps and the Western honeybee
Zhenghua XIE, Jianmin WANG, Juan XU, and Xuanxuan FENG
In traditional Chinese medicine， honeybee venom and wasp venom are widely used for dispelling wind， detoxifying， combating microbes， reducing inflammation， and relieving swelling and pain. The components of honeybee venom have been well characterized； nevertheless， those of wasp venom remain largely unexplored. Therefore， it is necessary to clarify the compositional differences between wasp venom and honeybee venom. In this study， three wasp species （Vespa basalis Smith， Vespa mandarina Smith and Vespa velutina Lepeletier） and the Western honeybee （Apis melliferia Linnaeus） were selected to investigate their body sizes and venom sac sizes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was employed for component analysis to identify venom polypeptides and proteins. Additionally， the contents of amino acids and 5-hydroxytryptamine， as well as the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase， were determined. The results showed that wasps had significantly larger body sizes and venom sac sizes than honeybees， indicating that wasps likely produce greater quantities of venom. Despite the lack of reference data in public databases， which hindered the annotation of many polypeptides and proteins， the overall composition of wasp venom was found to differ from that of honeybee venom. Specifically， notable differences were observed in polypeptides， venom allergens， and phospholipases between the two venoms， along with discrepancies in 18 common amino acid contents. Moreover， wasp venom contained a significantly higher level of 5-hydroxytryptamine than honeybee venom. Unexpectedly， the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase in wasp venom were significantly lower than those in honeybee venom. Collectively， the unique compositional profile of wasp venom suggests that further research on its components is necessary， which may help to reveal the potential of wasp venom as a medicinal resource.In traditional Chinese medicine， honeybee venom and wasp venom are widely used for dispelling wind， detoxifying， combating microbes， reducing inflammation， and relieving swelling and pain. The components of honeybee venom have been well characterized； nevertheless， those of wasp venom remain largely unexplored. Therefore， it is necessary to clarify the compositional differences between wasp venom and honeybee venom. In this study， three wasp species （Vespa basalis Smith， Vespa mandarina Smith and Vespa velutina Lepeletier） and the Western honeybee （Apis melliferia Linnaeus） were selected to investigate their body sizes and venom sac sizes. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was employed for component analysis to identify venom polypeptides and proteins. Additionally， the contents of amino acids and 5-hydroxytryptamine， as well as the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase， were determined. The results showed that wasps had significantly larger body sizes and venom sac sizes than honeybees， indicating that wasps likely produce greater quantities of venom. Despite the lack of reference data in public databases， which hindered the annotation of many polypeptides and proteins， the overall composition of wasp venom was found to differ from that of honeybee venom. Specifically， notable differences were observed in polypeptides， venom allergens， and phospholipases between the two venoms， along with discrepancies in 18 common amino acid contents. Moreover， wasp venom contained a significantly higher level of 5-hydroxytryptamine than honeybee venom. Unexpectedly， the bioactivities of phospholipase and hyaluronidase in wasp venom were significantly lower than those in honeybee venom. Collectively， the unique compositional profile of wasp venom suggests that further research on its components is necessary， which may help to reveal the potential of wasp venom as a medicinal resource.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 29 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20251129001
Effect of overexpression of StLDC gene from Sophora tonkinensis on alkaloid content in tobacco
Ying LIANG, Shuangshuang QIN, Hong HE, Guili WEI, Ximei LIANG, and Fan WEI
Lysine decarboxylase （LDC） is the first key enzyme gene in the biosynthetic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids. Based on the obtained full-length sequence of StLDC gene from Sophora tonkinensis， an overexpression vector， pBWA（V）HS-StLDC， was constructed. This vector was subsequently introduced into K326 tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to elucidate the biological function of StLDC. Molecular and metabolic analyses of the obtained transgenic plants revealed that qRT-PCR confirmed the successful overexpression of StLDC in tobacco. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass/mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） detection indicated that the contents of matrine and oxymatrine in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in wild-type （WT） plants， with the highest matrine content reaching 29.11 times and the highest oxymatrine content reaching 69.43 times that of the WT. These results indicate that the StLDC gene can significantly increase the contents of matrine and oxymatrine in tobacco， providing important genetic resources for the cultivation of plants with high alkaloid content， especially S. tonkinensis.Lysine decarboxylase （LDC） is the first key enzyme gene in the biosynthetic pathway of quinolizidine alkaloids. Based on the obtained full-length sequence of StLDC gene from Sophora tonkinensis， an overexpression vector， pBWA（V）HS-StLDC， was constructed. This vector was subsequently introduced into K326 tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to elucidate the biological function of StLDC. Molecular and metabolic analyses of the obtained transgenic plants revealed that qRT-PCR confirmed the successful overexpression of StLDC in tobacco. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass/mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） detection indicated that the contents of matrine and oxymatrine in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in wild-type （WT） plants， with the highest matrine content reaching 29.11 times and the highest oxymatrine content reaching 69.43 times that of the WT. These results indicate that the StLDC gene can significantly increase the contents of matrine and oxymatrine in tobacco， providing important genetic resources for the cultivation of plants with high alkaloid content， especially S. tonkinensis.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 21 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20251223002
Resources and utilization status of Daphniphyllum calycinum
Xiaolu CAO, Sipeng LI, Guangyao MA, Wencheng HOU, Mingjun HE, Yun YANG, Yangyang LIU, Weirui LIU, and Jianhe WEI
As a key raw material for the Chinese patent medicine Fengliao Changweikang， the wild resources of Daphniphyllum calycinum are becoming increasingly difficult to harvest due to the continuous growth in market demand. The lack of breakthroughs in key technologies related to wild domesticated species has rendered large-scale industrial cultivation unachievable to meet medicinal requirements. This paper reviews the distribution status of wild resources of D. calycinum， the research progress in the cultivation technology of wild domesticated species， the application records in herbal literature of successive dynasties， the collection of local medicinal material standards， as well as the traditional medicinal efficacy， modern pharmacological research， and related preparation development status of D. calycinum，aiming to provide scientific basis for its resource protection and sustainable utilization.As a key raw material for the Chinese patent medicine Fengliao Changweikang， the wild resources of Daphniphyllum calycinum are becoming increasingly difficult to harvest due to the continuous growth in market demand. The lack of breakthroughs in key technologies related to wild domesticated species has rendered large-scale industrial cultivation unachievable to meet medicinal requirements. This paper reviews the distribution status of wild resources of D. calycinum， the research progress in the cultivation technology of wild domesticated species， the application records in herbal literature of successive dynasties， the collection of local medicinal material standards， as well as the traditional medicinal efficacy， modern pharmacological research， and related preparation development status of D. calycinum，aiming to provide scientific basis for its resource protection and sustainable utilization.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 13 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250725001
Diversity of endophytic bacteria in cultivated Polygonatum odoratum and its correlation with quality components
Tianzi XIA, Jie FENG, Yan WEI, and Ruifeng FAN
The accumulation of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants is not only genetically regulated， but also closely linked to the complex microbes in their bodies. However， the relationship between the microbiome and quality formation in Polygonatum odoratum， an important Chinese medicinal herb， remains unclear. This study employed Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to determine the sequence of the endophytic bacterial communities in the rhizomes at various periods. Functional prediction of 16S rRNA genes was performed using PICRUSt2 software. The dynamic changes in the active components， including flavonoids， saponins， and polysaccharides， were measured， and endophytic bacterial communities significantly associated with key secondary metabolites of P. odoratum were identified.OTU analysis revealed that Pseudomonas was the dominant genus at the seedling stage， while Achromobacter was dominant at the flowering， fruiting， and withering stages. PCoA results indicated stage-specific differences in the endophytic bacterial communities of P. odoratum. LEfSe analysis identified Pseudomonas， Alphaproteobacteria， and Pseudomonasaeruginosa as biomarkers at different growth stages. Functional prediction results showed that metabolic pathways were the predominant functions across all samples.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the first 15 key OTUs exhibiting temporal variation were significantly correlated with flavonoid， saponin， and polysaccharide contents. This study systematically reveals， for the first time， the succession patterns of endophytic bacteria in cultivated P.odoratum and their close association with the accumulation of pharmacologically active components. It not only provides key evidence for elucidating the microbial mechanisms underlying the quality formation of P. odoratum， but also lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of targeted microbial inoculants to improve the quality of medicinal materials.The accumulation of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants is not only genetically regulated， but also closely linked to the complex microbes in their bodies. However， the relationship between the microbiome and quality formation in Polygonatum odoratum， an important Chinese medicinal herb， remains unclear. This study employed Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology to determine the sequence of the endophytic bacterial communities in the rhizomes at various periods. Functional prediction of 16S rRNA genes was performed using PICRUSt2 software. The dynamic changes in the active components， including flavonoids， saponins， and polysaccharides， were measured， and endophytic bacterial communities significantly associated with key secondary metabolites of P. odoratum were identified.OTU analysis revealed that Pseudomonas was the dominant genus at the seedling stage， while Achromobacter was dominant at the flowering， fruiting， and withering stages. PCoA results indicated stage-specific differences in the endophytic bacterial communities of P. odoratum. LEfSe analysis identified Pseudomonas， Alphaproteobacteria， and Pseudomonasaeruginosa as biomarkers at different growth stages. Functional prediction results showed that metabolic pathways were the predominant functions across all samples.Correlation analysis demonstrated that the first 15 key OTUs exhibiting temporal variation were significantly correlated with flavonoid， saponin， and polysaccharide contents. This study systematically reveals， for the first time， the succession patterns of endophytic bacteria in cultivated P.odoratum and their close association with the accumulation of pharmacologically active components. It not only provides key evidence for elucidating the microbial mechanisms underlying the quality formation of P. odoratum， but also lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of targeted microbial inoculants to improve the quality of medicinal materials.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 92 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250825002
Research progress on RNA editing of plant organelles
Jun HU, Jiaxuan WANG and Bin XIE
RNA editing is a crucial post-transcriptional modification widely occurred in plants and animals， playing essential biological functions. It is especially common in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts， and is of great significance for regulating organelle gene expression， functional maintenance， and plant development and stress adaptation. In recent years， significant progress has been made in plant RNA editing research due to advances in high-throughput sequencing， bioinformatics tools and functional genomics. In this review， we first summarize the current research methodologies for RNA editing， then focus on the recent findings related to mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA editing， emphasizing the roles and mechanisms of key editing factors such as PPR， MORF， and DYW proteins. Moreover， we explore the potential functions of RNA editing in plant responses to abiotic stresses. This review aims to provide theoretical insight and references for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of RNA editing and its applications in crop improvement.RNA editing is a crucial post-transcriptional modification widely occurred in plants and animals， playing essential biological functions. It is especially common in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts， and is of great significance for regulating organelle gene expression， functional maintenance， and plant development and stress adaptation. In recent years， significant progress has been made in plant RNA editing research due to advances in high-throughput sequencing， bioinformatics tools and functional genomics. In this review， we first summarize the current research methodologies for RNA editing， then focus on the recent findings related to mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA editing， emphasizing the roles and mechanisms of key editing factors such as PPR， MORF， and DYW proteins. Moreover， we explore the potential functions of RNA editing in plant responses to abiotic stresses. This review aims to provide theoretical insight and references for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of RNA editing and its applications in crop improvement.
- Mar. 26, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 48, Issue 1, 1 (2026)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250807001
Comparative analysis of transcriptome in leaves of Ageratina adenophora and Ageratum conyzoides
Mingze Xia, Xiaoxu Yang, Lianxu Li, Xiaoyan Liu, Jinhuan Sun, Jiachen Sui, and Yan Li
Ageratina adenophora （Sprengel） R. M. King & H. Rob. and Ageratum conyzoides L. are significant Asteraceae species characterized by both invasiveness and medicinal value. Elucidating the logical connections between the genetic backgrounds of these two species and their biological traits is crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of their ecological evolutionary advantages and the material basis of their medicinal properties. In this study， transcriptome sequencing of leaf tissues was conducted to characterize the genetic drivers supporting these biological characteristics at the molecular level. The results showed that 40 284 252 and 46 478 924 raw reads were obtained for A. adenophora and A. conyzoides， respectively， with assembled Unigene lengths primarily concentrated between 200-300 bp. Logical correlation analysis between the omics data and biological phenotypes revealed that clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes annotations for both species were highly enriched in signal transduction mechanisms， providing molecular support for their robust environmental sensing and stress response capabilities. Furthermore， the higher proportion of genes in this pathway in A. adenophora is consistent with its broader geographic expansion potential. Regarding medicinal value， A. conyzoides exhibited superior enrichment in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and catalytic gene abundance compared to A. adenophora， validating its phenotypic advantages in anti-inflammatory efficacy at the molecular level. Additionally， significant enrichment in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways elucidates the genetic background underlying the use of allelochemicals for invasive colonization in both species. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis indicated that A. adenophora possesses higher polymorphism potential， which is closely related to its strong habitat adaptability. By deciphering biological functional connotations through transcriptome data analysis， this study provides critical evidence for further investigation into invasive mechanisms and medicinal resource exploitation.Ageratina adenophora （Sprengel） R. M. King & H. Rob. and Ageratum conyzoides L. are significant Asteraceae species characterized by both invasiveness and medicinal value. Elucidating the logical connections between the genetic backgrounds of these two species and their biological traits is crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of their ecological evolutionary advantages and the material basis of their medicinal properties. In this study， transcriptome sequencing of leaf tissues was conducted to characterize the genetic drivers supporting these biological characteristics at the molecular level. The results showed that 40 284 252 and 46 478 924 raw reads were obtained for A. adenophora and A. conyzoides， respectively， with assembled Unigene lengths primarily concentrated between 200-300 bp. Logical correlation analysis between the omics data and biological phenotypes revealed that clusters of orthologous groups for eukaryotic complete genomes annotations for both species were highly enriched in signal transduction mechanisms， providing molecular support for their robust environmental sensing and stress response capabilities. Furthermore， the higher proportion of genes in this pathway in A. adenophora is consistent with its broader geographic expansion potential. Regarding medicinal value， A. conyzoides exhibited superior enrichment in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways and catalytic gene abundance compared to A. adenophora， validating its phenotypic advantages in anti-inflammatory efficacy at the molecular level. Additionally， significant enrichment in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways elucidates the genetic background underlying the use of allelochemicals for invasive colonization in both species. Simple sequence repeat （SSR） analysis indicated that A. adenophora possesses higher polymorphism potential， which is closely related to its strong habitat adaptability. By deciphering biological functional connotations through transcriptome data analysis， this study provides critical evidence for further investigation into invasive mechanisms and medicinal resource exploitation.
- Jan. 27, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 47, Issue 6, 609 (2025)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250928001
Characteristics of niche and interspecific association of dominant species in Malus sieversii forest communities in Emin County
Ling Cao, Lijuan Zhang, Ye Er Jiang·Baike Tuerhan, Chunhua Ma, and Zhiying Qi
Studying the niche characteristics of the main tree species in the Malus sieversii forest community and the relationship between the dominant species is expected to clarify the adaptive ability of the plants in the Malus sieversii forest to the environment， and provide a scientific basis for the protection， restoration and rational utilization of the Malus sieversii forest. This study took the Malus sieversii forests distributed in Emin mountainous area of Tacheng region as the research object， and adopted the typical sample plot survey method. Based on the results of the community survey， this study was conducted to investigate the adaptive ability of the major tree species in Malus sieversii forests by calculating the niche width and niche overlap value of major tree species in Malus sieversii forests in Emin mountainous area， as well as the overall connectivity index， the inter-species connectivity index and the inter-species relevance index of the main species within the forests， and to study the adaptive ability of major tree species to the environment. In this way， we investigated the adaptive ability of the major species in the Malus sieversii forest to the environment， quantified the interspecific relationships， and judged their structural stability. Among the seven major tree species in the Malus sieversii forest community in Emin mountain area， the dominant species Xinjiang Malus sieversii ranked first with a horizontal niche width of 5.297 and a vertical niche width of 1.872. The horizontal and vertical niches of Malus sieversii and the other major tree species in the community were both 0<NO<0.25， which showed partial overlap. The overall correlation of the community was VR=1.88、W=24.53，χ20.95(16)<W<χ20.05(16)， indicating an insignificantly positive association. Among all 105 pairs of species， the positively linked species pairs were 1.79 times more than the negatively linked species pairs， and the insignificant species pairs were 1.67 times more than the significant species pairs. The linkage between species pairs was weak， and the community structure of Malus sieversii forest was unstable.Both the Malus sieversii forest and Malus sieversii exhibt an unstable state at the community and population levels， and it is difficult to maintain the populations in the long term. In the future， it is necessary to strengthen the nurturing and management and artificial remediation of the seedlings and existing individuals of the dominant species of Malus sieversii， in order to promote the stable growth and resource recovery of the Malus sieversii populations and forests in Xinjiang.Studying the niche characteristics of the main tree species in the Malus sieversii forest community and the relationship between the dominant species is expected to clarify the adaptive ability of the plants in the Malus sieversii forest to the environment， and provide a scientific basis for the protection， restoration and rational utilization of the Malus sieversii forest. This study took the Malus sieversii forests distributed in Emin mountainous area of Tacheng region as the research object， and adopted the typical sample plot survey method. Based on the results of the community survey， this study was conducted to investigate the adaptive ability of the major tree species in Malus sieversii forests by calculating the niche width and niche overlap value of major tree species in Malus sieversii forests in Emin mountainous area， as well as the overall connectivity index， the inter-species connectivity index and the inter-species relevance index of the main species within the forests， and to study the adaptive ability of major tree species to the environment. In this way， we investigated the adaptive ability of the major species in the Malus sieversii forest to the environment， quantified the interspecific relationships， and judged their structural stability. Among the seven major tree species in the Malus sieversii forest community in Emin mountain area， the dominant species Xinjiang Malus sieversii ranked first with a horizontal niche width of 5.297 and a vertical niche width of 1.872. The horizontal and vertical niches of Malus sieversii and the other major tree species in the community were both 0<NO<0.25， which showed partial overlap. The overall correlation of the community was VR=1.88、W=24.53，![]()
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- Jan. 27, 2026
- Biotic Resources
- Vol. 47, Issue 6, 600 (2025)
- DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.20250922002
OpticsNatural ScienceEngineeringAgricultureMedical ScienceMultidisciplinaryAll Subjects
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Editor (s): Santo Davide Ferrara
Special Issue on Debris produced in High Power Laser Interactions (2026)
Submission Open:23 April 2026; Submission Deadline: 31 August 2026
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